See -ula on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ula",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "English -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "German -el",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ula. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, whence no longer productive English -le (as in dimple and nozzle), Dutch -el, German -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"urls": [
"https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=*ula&title=Special%3ASearch"
],
"word": "-ula at Wikispecies"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; small-."
],
"id": "en--ula-mul-suffix-teuTaxJJ",
"links": [
[
"genera",
"genus#English"
],
[
"small",
"small"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ula<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"English:_diminutive\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ula",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ule"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ule",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\nBorrowed from Latin -ula. Doublet of -ule.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "marimba + -ula → marimbula",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ameba + -ula → amebula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutive nouns."
],
"id": "en--ula-en-suffix-pwMpAPmw",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#Adjective"
],
[
"nouns",
"noun#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 50 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 47 30 2 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 49 36 1 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 47 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 52 25 1 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denoting things associated with, or compared to, Dracula: Count Chocula, Bunnicula, etc."
],
"id": "en--ula-en-suffix-RvtjirQV",
"links": [
[
"Dracula",
"Dracula"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-ʊda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-ʊda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-ʊda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "-ua"
},
"expansion": "Swahili -ua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rw",
"2": "-ūra"
},
"expansion": "Rwanda-Rundi -ūra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda. Cognate with Swahili -ua/-oa and Rwanda-Rundi -ūra/-ōra.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chichewa",
"lang_code": "ny",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chichewa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conversive suffix indicating that the action the verb is based on is undone."
],
"id": "en--ula-ny-suffix-UsVSBBqe",
"links": [
[
"Conversive suffix",
"Appendix:Chichewa verbal derivation#"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-у́ля"
},
"expansion": "Russian -у́ля (-úlja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Polish -ula",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unproductive suffix in Czech. Compare Russian -у́ля (-úlja) and Polish -ula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ula f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "papať + -ula → papula",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "šikovný + -ula → šikula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns, usually endearing"
],
"id": "en--ula-cs-suffix-vIT2SRKt",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ ula]"
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-u",
"3": "-la",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "-u + -la",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "-u + -la",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ylä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "12/kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloita",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "12/kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloideni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"rare",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"instructive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"instructive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"rare",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"rare",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalleen",
"source": "declension",
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"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallensa",
"source": "declension",
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"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilleen",
"source": "declension",
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillensa",
"source": "declension",
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanaan",
"source": "declension",
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"possessive",
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"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanansa",
"source": "declension",
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"possessive",
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]
},
{
"form": "-uloinaan",
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulakseen",
"source": "declension",
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"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloikseen",
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"possessive",
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"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittaan",
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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"instructive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
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"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "{{{stem}}}",
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "{{{stem2}}}",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ylä"
},
"expansion": "UlA",
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},
{
"args": {
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"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
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"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
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"7": "",
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"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ula (front vowel harmony variant -ylä, linguistic notation -UlA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "ylä"
},
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"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "-ul",
"2": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-kulkija"
}
],
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{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutive nouns."
],
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
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"id": "instrument",
"title": "-ula",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom\nLatin -ula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"instrument\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"Latin:_instrument\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "*/-lo-/"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "*-ilaz",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom\nLatin -ula\nProbably from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.\nThe words rēgula and tēgula are notable in showing a lengthened vowel relative to the base verbs regō and tegō. Sihler reconstructs *-dʰl- in rēgula and tēgula; in contrast, Nielsen reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of Lachmann's law before a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles rēctus and tēctus). As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*rēcula and *tēcula), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /ɡ/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > strāgulum and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > trāgula. Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in neglego, and is argued by Sen to have occurred in pūblicus; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in -culum such as pōculum).\nAlternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula. Compare Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (and variants), forming agent and instrument nouns.\nCompare instrument nouns in -ulum.",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"links": [
[
"-ulārum",
"-ularum#Latin"
]
],
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"links": [
[
"-ulīs",
"-ulis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulam",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulās",
"links": [
[
"-ulās",
"-ulas#Latin"
]
],
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"links": [
[
"-ulā",
"-ula#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulīs",
"links": [
[
"-ulīs",
"-ulis#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ula<1>"
},
"expansion": "-ula f (genitive -ulae); first declension",
"name": "la-suffix-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 6 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine suffixes in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "regō + -ula → rēgula",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tegō + -ula → tēgula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun suffix denoting instrument."
],
"id": "en--ula-la-suffix-wMHVgp83",
"links": [
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊ.ɫa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[u.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lachmann's law"
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "la:-ulus<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"Latin:_diminutive\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
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{
"word": "-ulus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ulus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"id": "en--ula-la-suffix-BDwqTa2Q",
"links": [
[
"-ulus",
"-ulus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
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{
"word": "-ulus"
}
],
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],
"id": "en--ula-la-suffix-tBeJJCc3",
"links": [
[
"-ulus",
"-ulus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[u.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʊ.ɫaː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[u.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"id": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"Latin:_diminutive\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
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"form": "-ulā",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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},
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],
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}
],
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],
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[
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]
],
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}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
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},
{
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]
},
{
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"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-uľa<id:nominal>",
"id": "nominal",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"nominal\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"Polish:_nominal\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-uľa.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-uľa.",
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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},
{
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},
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"source": "declension",
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},
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"vocative"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"vocative"
]
}
],
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"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
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],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"u‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
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"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "baba + -ula → babula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns, usually endearing"
],
"id": "en--ula-pl-suffix-vIT2SRKt",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-ula",
"word": "-ულა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Laz",
"lang_code": "lzz",
"roman": "-ula",
"word": "-ულა"
},
{
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "-ula",
"word": "-ულა"
}
],
"lang": "Zan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ul-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "*-ul-a"
},
"expansion": "*-ul-a",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Georgian-Zan",
"lang_code": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/-ula",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Georgian-Zan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixed to nouns to form diminutives"
],
"id": "en--ula-ccs-gzn-pro-suffix-pfRW53Ov",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "mlk",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-uya"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-oya"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "coh",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dug",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "nyf",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dig",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Mijikenda",
"lang_code": "bnt-mij"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "wmw",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "swb",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "wlc",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "wni",
"word": "-oa"
}
],
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "bnt-pro:*-ʊda",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-ula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\" data-title=\"*-ula\">\nInherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "after root with *-o- *-ola",
"tags": [
"variant"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "variant after root with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\">*-o-</i>",
"4": "*-ola",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"f1nolink": "1"
},
"expansion": "*-ula (variant after root with *-o- *-ola)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/-ula",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conversive suffix; reverses the meaning of the verb"
],
"id": "en--ula-bnt-sab-pro-suffix-skP5D7Vu",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-ʊda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-ʊda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-ʊda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "-ua"
},
"expansion": "Swahili -ua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rw",
"2": "-ūra"
},
"expansion": "Rwanda-Rundi -ūra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda. Cognate with Swahili -ua/-oa and Rwanda-Rundi -ūra/-ōra.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chichewa",
"lang_code": "ny",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chichewa entries with incorrect language header",
"Chichewa lemmas",
"Chichewa suffixes",
"Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Conversive suffix indicating that the action the verb is based on is undone."
],
"links": [
[
"Conversive suffix",
"Appendix:Chichewa verbal derivation#"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-у́ля"
},
"expansion": "Russian -у́ля (-úlja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Polish -ula",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unproductive suffix in Czech. Compare Russian -у́ля (-úlja) and Polish -ula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ula f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine suffixes",
"Czech hard feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech suffixes",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "papať + -ula → papula",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "šikovný + -ula → šikula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns, usually endearing"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ ula]"
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ula<id:diminutive>",
"id": "diminutive",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"English:_diminutive\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ula",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ule"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ule",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\nBorrowed from Latin -ula. Doublet of -ule.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "marimba + -ula → marimbula",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ameba + -ula → amebula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming diminutive nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#Adjective"
],
[
"nouns",
"noun#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denoting things associated with, or compared to, Dracula: Count Chocula, Bunnicula, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"Dracula",
"Dracula"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-u",
"3": "-la",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "-u + -la",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "-u + -la",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ylä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "12/kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloita",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "12/kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloideni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"rare",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"instructive",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"singular-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"instructive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"plural-possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloidenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"rare",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloitanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloihinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uloinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural",
"plural-possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-kulkija",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
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},
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},
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},
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"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom\nLatin -ula\nProbably from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.\nThe words rēgula and tēgula are notable in showing a lengthened vowel relative to the base verbs regō and tegō. Sihler reconstructs *-dʰl- in rēgula and tēgula; in contrast, Nielsen reconstructs *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of Lachmann's law before a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles rēctus and tēctus). As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (*rēcula and *tēcula), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /ɡ/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > strāgulum and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > trāgula. Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in neglego, and is argued by Sen to have occurred in pūblicus; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in -culum such as pōculum).\nAlternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula. Compare Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (and variants), forming agent and instrument nouns.\nCompare instrument nouns in -ulum.",
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{
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{
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʊ.ɫa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[u.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʊ.ɫaː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[u.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-uľa<id:nominal>",
"id": "nominal",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"nominal\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-ula\" id=\"Polish:_nominal\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-uľa.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-uľa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ula f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-u‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"u‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine suffixes",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "baba + -ula → babula",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns, usually endearing"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-ula",
"word": "-ულა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Laz",
"lang_code": "lzz",
"roman": "-ula",
"word": "-ულა"
},
{
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"roman": "-ula",
"word": "-ულა"
}
],
"lang": "Zan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ul-a",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "*-ul-a"
},
"expansion": "*-ul-a",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Georgian-Zan",
"lang_code": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/-ula",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan lemmas",
"Proto-Georgian-Zan suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffixed to nouns to form diminutives"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "mlk",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-uya"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "pkb",
"word": "-oya"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "coh",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dug",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "nyf",
"word": "-ola"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dig",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Mijikenda",
"lang_code": "bnt-mij"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "wmw",
"word": "-ola"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "swb",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "wlc",
"word": "-oa"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "wni",
"word": "-oa"
}
],
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "bnt-pro:*-ʊda",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-ula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\" data-title=\"*-ula\">\nInherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-ʊda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "after root with *-o- *-ola",
"tags": [
"variant"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "variant after root with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\">*-o-</i>",
"4": "*-ola",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"f1nolink": "1"
},
"expansion": "*-ula (variant after root with *-o- *-ola)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/-ula",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Sabaki entries referencing missing etymons",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with etymon",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sabaki lemmas",
"Proto-Sabaki suffixes",
"Proto-Sabaki terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Proto-Sabaki terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Proto-Sabaki verb-forming suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"conversive suffix; reverses the meaning of the verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"urls": [
"https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=*ula&title=Special%3ASearch"
],
"word": "-ula at Wikispecies"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ula",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "English -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -el",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "German -el",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ula. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, whence no longer productive English -le (as in dimple and nozzle), Dutch -el, German -el.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual suffixes",
"Translingual terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; small-."
],
"links": [
[
"genera",
"genus#English"
],
[
"small",
"small"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ula meaning in All languages combined (49.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -UlA",
"path": [
"-ula"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ula",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.